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Chemistry · General Chemistry · Chapter 2
Separation and Purification
Taught in Class 11O LevelA Level
Topics in this chapter
- 2.1FiltrationSeparating an insoluble solid from a liquid by filtration: residue, filtrate, steps, and uses in water treatment.
- 2.2CrystallisationObtaining pure crystals from a solution: crystallisation point, slow and fast cooling, and why it is better than evaporating to dryness.
- 2.3SublimationSolids that change directly into gas, and separating ammonium chloride or iodine from a mixture by sublimation.
- 2.4Simple and Fractional DistillationSimple distillation to get pure water from salt water, and fractional distillation to separate ethanol and water and crude oil.
- 2.5Solvent ExtractionSeparating a substance with two immiscible solvents in a separating funnel, with iodine and hexane as the example.
- 2.6Paper Chromatography and Rf ValuesPaper chromatography of inks and food dyes, stationary and mobile phases, and calculating Rf values to identify substances.
- 2.7Checking Purity: Melting and Boiling PointsTesting purity with melting and boiling points: pure substances melt sharply, impurities lower the melting point and raise the boiling point.
Linked chapters in other subjects
Ideas in this chapter connect to these chapters. Open one to see the link.