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Earth and Space · Foundations of Earth and Space Science · Chapter 1
Introduction to Earth and Space Science
Taught in Class 9Class 10Class 11Class 12O LevelA Level
Topics in this chapter
- 1.1What is Earth and Space Science?Earth and space science studies the Earth and everything beyond it. Learn the four spheres of the Earth system, key facts about our planet and why this science matters for Pakistan.
- 1.2Branches: Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography and AstronomyThe four main branches of Earth and space science (geology, meteorology, oceanography and astronomy) and sub-branches such as seismology, climatology and glaciology.
- 1.3Tools: Telescopes, Satellites and SeismometersHow telescopes, satellites and seismometers work, with diagrams, types of each, Pakistani satellites such as PRSS-1 and PakSat, and everyday weather instruments.
- 1.4Careers in Earth and Space ScienceCareers in Earth and space science in Pakistan: geologist, meteorologist, seismologist, oceanographer, space scientist and GIS specialist, with the study path.
- 1.5Contributions of Muslim Astronomers and GeographersContributions of Muslim astronomers and geographers: Al-Biruni, Al-Battani, Al-Sufi, Al-Idrisi, Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Farghani, Al-Tusi, Ibn Battuta and Ulugh Beg.
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